Outline Technologies — SEO, AEO & GEO Agency
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Things We Actually
Know About.

No filler. No AI generated listicles. Just practical insights from a decade of doing this work. Written by two people who argue about algorithms at dinner.

AI Visibility

How to Build a Pricing Page AI Can Quote

Assistants answer cost questions with whatever figure they can find. Publish the real number, mark it up with the right type and keep every copy in agreement.

Abd Shanti 12 min read
GEO

How to Write an Alternatives Page AI Will Cite

The page that names your competitors is the page that gets pulled into comparison answers. How to write alternatives pages that are fair, dated and quotable.

Abd Shanti 13 min read
Technical SEO

Bing Indexed but Not Served: How to Fix It

Pages indexed, no errors in Webmaster Tools, and Bing impressions at zero. The 500 character support ticket that got a suppressed domain restored in two days.

Abd Shanti 12 min read
AI Visibility

How to Get Cited by Microsoft Copilot

Copilot grounds its answers in Bing, and Bing now reports every citation. How one small site went from 2 Copilot citations a day to 30, and how to repeat it.

Abd Shanti 12 min read
AI Visibility

How to Get Cited by Claude

Claude searches through Brave, runs three crawlers that all obey robots.txt, and qualifies what it cannot support. How to become a source it will name.

Abd Shanti 12 min read
AI Visibility

Why Review Platforms Cite You 3x Harder

A review page about you carries roughly three times the citation weight of a page you wrote about yourself. The uncomfortable maths of self description.

Abd Shanti 10 min read
GEO

Most AI Citation Opportunity Is Not in English

Localised pages win 85 to 96% of non English AI citations. The cheapest untapped surface in AI visibility is the language you are not publishing in.

Abd Shanti 11 min read
GEO

YouTube Is the Most Cited Domain in AI Search

YouTube is the most cited domain on ChatGPT and Perplexity, and the reason has almost nothing to do with video. It ships a machine readable transcript.

Abd Shanti 11 min read
GEO

Reddit Is an AI Citation Engine You Cannot Buy

Perplexity cites brands at roughly 13% against ChatGPT's 0.6%, and the gap is largely Reddit. What that means if you have never posted there.

Abd Shanti 11 min read
GEO

Listicles Get 44% of AI Citations. Get on Them

Industry research puts listicles at roughly 44% of AI citations, and almost none of them are yours. How to earn a place on a list you do not own.

Abd Shanti 12 min read
Strategy

AI Search Market Share 2026: A Quarter Moved, Most Sites Did Not

Gartner projects AI assistants handle roughly a quarter of searches in 2026 and more than half by 2028. What that shift actually changes, and what to do when you cannot outspend the incumbents.

Abd Shanti 11 min read
AI Visibility

MCP Servers: How to Let AI Agents Actually Use Your Product

A citation gets you mentioned. An MCP server gets your product used inside the answer. What the Model Context Protocol is, who governs it, and the smallest server worth shipping.

Abd Shanti 12 min read
AI Visibility

ChatGPT Ads: What Paid Placement Does to Earned Citations

An ad buys the slot, a citation buys the sentence, and only one survives the budget ending. What advertising inside the answer changes, plus the fourth OpenAI crawler almost nobody has in robots.txt.

Abd Shanti 10 min read
AI Crawlers

Pay Per Crawl: What Crawler Tolls Mean for Your Site in 2026

HTTP 402 came back after thirty years so publishers could charge AI crawlers, and new domains now start closed by default. The three lanes a crawler meets at your edge, and how to tell which one you are in.

Abd Shanti 11 min read
GEO

Product Feeds for AI Agents: Why a Landing Page Is Not Enough

Agents comparing products do not read your hero section, they read structured data. What a machine readable product feed contains, which formats matter in 2026, and how to publish one.

Abd Shanti 11 min read
AI Crawlers

RSL: The Content Licensing Standard for AI Crawlers

RSL is a machine readable licensing file that states the terms on which AI may use your content. What it declares, how it differs from robots.txt and llms.txt, and whether it is worth publishing yet.

Abd Shanti 10 min read
Technical SEO

IndexNow: The Fastest Way Into Bing, and Therefore ChatGPT

IndexNow tells Bing and Yandex a URL changed instead of waiting to be crawled. Since ChatGPT search leans on the Bing index, it is the shortest path from publishing to being citeable. Setup in under an hour.

Abd Shanti 9 min read
Technical SEO

JavaScript and AI Crawlers: Why Static HTML Still Wins

Most AI crawlers do not execute JavaScript. If your content only exists after hydration, they see an empty page. How to test what a crawler really receives, and the render strategies that survive.

Abd Shanti 10 min read
GEO

How to Write So AI Lifts Your Sentences

Models quote passages, not pages. The unit of AI citation is a self contained sentence, and most writing advice optimises for the wrong length. How to write a page that is easy to quote correctly.

Abd Shanti 10 min read
GEO

How to Get Cited in Google AI Mode: The 2026 Playbook

Google AI Mode hit a billion users and cites a different set of pages than AI Overviews, the same URL only 13.7% of the time. If you optimized for one, you are invisible in the other. The 2026 playbook, with the data and a test you can run in five minutes.

Abd Shanti 16 min read
AI Visibility

The Complete AI Crawler List for 2026: Every Bot, What It Feeds, and Whether to Block It

GPTBot, OAI-SearchBot, ClaudeBot, PerplexityBot, Google-Extended and twenty more, in one reference table. What each agent actually feeds, which operators keep their word on robots.txt, how to verify impostors, and three copy-paste crawler policies.

Abd Shanti 21 min read
SEO

Google Algorithm Updates 2025–2026: What Changed and How to Recover

All nine confirmed updates from March 2025 through July 2026 with dashboard-verified dates — including the May 2026 core update, both 2026 spam updates, and Google's shift to continuous unannounced rollouts.

Abd Shanti 20 min read
AEO

How to Rank in Google AI Overviews: The 2026 Playbook

AI Overviews now show on 25%+ of Google searches and most teams have no playbook for them. Here is what actually works. The 8 tactics we tested on our own products. Real signals Google uses. The mistakes that quietly tank your visibility.

Abd Shanti 15 min read
GEO

What Is GEO? The Complete Guide to Generative Engine Optimization in 2026

If you've been hearing 'GEO' everywhere and still aren't sure what it means or why you should care, this is the guide that explains everything without the jargon. How AI decides which brands to cite, what you can actually do about it, and why most agencies are behind on this.

Abd Shanti 14 min read
Strategy

SEO vs AEO vs GEO: What's the Actual Difference?

Three acronyms, three different things, one goal. We break down exactly what each one does, when you need which, and how they work together. No marketing speak. Just a clear explanation.

Abd Shanti 12 min read
AI Visibility

How to Get Your Brand Cited by ChatGPT in 2026

We reverse engineered what makes ChatGPT recommend certain brands over others. Here are the specific things you can do to make it recommend yours. Based on real data, not vibes.

Abd Shanti 16 min read
AI Visibility

AI Reputation Management: Control What AI Says About Your Brand

ChatGPT just told someone your product is discontinued. Perplexity confused you with a competitor. Welcome to the new reputation challenge most brands do not even know they have.

Abd Shanti 14 min read
SEO

Programmatic SEO in 2026: How to Scale Without Getting Penalized

The right way to build hundreds of pages from structured data without triggering Google's thin content filters. Templates, content enrichment, schema, internal linking. The full playbook.

Ahmed Shanti 15 min read
Technical

The Technical SEO Checklist for 2026: Everything That Still Matters

Crawlability, Core Web Vitals, indexation, structured data, and the technical fundamentals that AI search has not made obsolete. A practical, prioritized checklist you can actually work through.

Ahmed Shanti 16 min read
Technical

The Complete Guide to llms.txt: How to Talk to AI Crawlers

llms.txt is the new file that tells large language models how to read and represent your site. What it is, how to write one, and whether it actually moves the needle for AI visibility.

Ahmed Shanti 11 min read
Technical

Schema Markup for AI Search: Structured Data That Gets You Cited

AI engines lean on structured data to understand entities and answers. Which schema types matter now, how to implement them cleanly, and how to validate that machines actually read them.

Ahmed Shanti 13 min read
SEO

Entity SEO and the Knowledge Graph: How Google Really Understands You

Search and AI no longer match keywords, they understand entities. How to build entity associations, earn a Knowledge Graph presence, and become the recognized answer in your niche.

Ahmed Shanti 14 min read
GEO

GEO for Ecommerce: Getting Your Products Recommended by AI

When shoppers ask ChatGPT and Perplexity what to buy, are your products in the answer? How to optimize product data, reviews, and content so generative engines recommend your store.

Ahmed Shanti 13 min read
AEO

What Is AEO? A Plain Guide to Answer Engine Optimization

Answer engines want a direct, trustworthy answer, not ten blue links. What AEO is, how it differs from classic SEO, and how to structure content so engines surface you as the answer.

Abd Shanti 12 min read
AI Visibility

Perplexity AI Optimization: How to Become a Cited Source

Perplexity cites its sources, which makes it a real visibility channel. How its retrieval works, what kinds of pages it favors, and how to earn a place in its citations.

Abd Shanti 13 min read
AI Visibility

ChatGPT Brand Citation Tracking: How to Measure AI Visibility

You cannot improve what you cannot see. How to track when and how ChatGPT mentions your brand, the metrics that matter, and how to turn that data into a real optimization loop.

Abd Shanti 12 min read

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